Hrymayliv

Chortkiv district, Ternopil region

Sources:
- Jewish encyclopedia of Brockhaus & Efron
- Russian Jewish encyclopedia

Photo:
- Eugene Shnaider
- Hryhoriy Arshynov, European Jewish Cemeteries Initiative. Hrymayliv Jewish Cemetery
- Eva Maria Kraiss, The Center for Jewish Art. Hrymailiv (Grimailov, Grzymalуw)
- Мандрівка Старим Кордоном. Гримайлів

Ternopil region - list of settlements and location of objects

Hrymayliv, 2013, 2023

Hrymailiv (ukr. Гримайлів), the Urban-type settlement in Ternopil region. In the 19th - early 20th centuries - in the province of Galicia in Austria-Hungary. In 1919–39 - as part of Poland, in 1939–91 - the Ukrainian SSR.

At the beginning of the 18th century, the Grand Crown Hetman Adam Nikolai Senyavsky became the owner of Hrymailiv. In 1720, Senyavsky granted Magdeburg rights and city status to Hrymailiv.


Polish postcards of the early 20th century with the views of Hrimailiv


Fragments of matsevot in the destroyed Jewish cemetery, 2019		Tombstones brought to the Synagogue, 2019

Memorial inscription in the former Belzec extermination camp

Since middle of the 18th century there was an independent Jewish community.

In 1765, 693 Jews lived in Hrymailiv,
in 1843 - 1729 (47.7%),
in 1880 - 2931 (67.7%),
in 1890 - 2977 (66.6%),
in 1900 - 2700 (64.7%),
in 1910 - 2435 (62%),
in 1921 - 1494 (54.4%),
in 1931 - 1550 Jews.

At the end of the 18th century, the rabbi in the town was Naftoli-Mordhe Margaliot, in 1830–52-Schmarya-Smerel Brandris, in 1852–64-his son Josef, then until 1894-Yakov Weinfeld, then the son of the last Izzhok.

In 1903, the Drushey Zion circle was founded in Hrymailiv.

During World War I, when Russian troops occupied Hrymailiv, Rabbi I. Weinfeld was arrested on charges of espionage.

In 1913, 4,200 people lived in Hrymailiv, including 670 Poles, 830 Ukrainians, and 2,700 Jews.
In 1923, a school was opened in the town with teaching in Hebrew.
In the 1920-30s in Hrymailiv there were branches of various Jewish parties and organizations.


Synagogue in Hrymailiv, 2013

Postcard, until 1939. Windows gratings with David stars are visible	One of the window gratings has been preserved, 2013

As early as July 5, 1941, local Ukrainian nationalists began a pogrom that lasted until July 7. During this time, 450 Jews were killed.

In the autumn of 1941, a labor camp was established, which contained approx. 3500 Jews.

In October 1942, the Nazis deported some of the Jews to the Belzec extermination camp. Of the remaining 1400 people were sent to Skalat, 300 were imprisoned in the camp, which was located on the market square in the school building. After the liquidation of the camp on January 24, 1943, the prisoners were transferred to other camps.
In total, about 300 Jews of Grimailov survived...